Integrand size = 26, antiderivative size = 188 \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {\left (21 \sqrt {b} c-5 \sqrt {a} e\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{64 a^{11/4} b^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (21 \sqrt {b} c+5 \sqrt {a} e\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{64 a^{11/4} b^{3/4}}+\frac {3 d \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{16 a^{5/2} \sqrt {b}} \]
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Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 188, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.269, Rules used = {1868, 1869, 1890, 281, 214, 1181, 211} \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ) \left (21 \sqrt {b} c-5 \sqrt {a} e\right )}{64 a^{11/4} b^{3/4}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ) \left (5 \sqrt {a} e+21 \sqrt {b} c\right )}{64 a^{11/4} b^{3/4}}+\frac {3 d \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{16 a^{5/2} \sqrt {b}}+\frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2} \]
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Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 281
Rule 1181
Rule 1868
Rule 1869
Rule 1890
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}-\frac {\int \frac {-7 c-6 d x-5 e x^2}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^2} \, dx}{8 a} \\ & = \frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {\int \frac {21 c+12 d x+5 e x^2}{a-b x^4} \, dx}{32 a^2} \\ & = \frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {\int \left (\frac {12 d x}{a-b x^4}+\frac {21 c+5 e x^2}{a-b x^4}\right ) \, dx}{32 a^2} \\ & = \frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {\int \frac {21 c+5 e x^2}{a-b x^4} \, dx}{32 a^2}+\frac {(3 d) \int \frac {x}{a-b x^4} \, dx}{8 a^2} \\ & = \frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {(3 d) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a-b x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{16 a^2}-\frac {\left (\frac {21 \sqrt {b} c}{\sqrt {a}}-5 e\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}-b x^2} \, dx}{64 a^2}+\frac {\left (\frac {21 \sqrt {b} c}{\sqrt {a}}+5 e\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}-b x^2} \, dx}{64 a^2} \\ & = \frac {x \left (7 c+6 d x+5 e x^2\right )}{32 a^2 \left (a-b x^4\right )}+\frac {a f+b x \left (c+d x+e x^2\right )}{8 a b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {\left (\frac {21 \sqrt {b} c}{\sqrt {a}}-5 e\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{64 a^{9/4} b^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (21 \sqrt {b} c+5 \sqrt {a} e\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{64 a^{11/4} b^{3/4}}+\frac {3 d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{16 a^{5/2} \sqrt {b}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 253, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.35 \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {\frac {4 a x (7 c+x (6 d+5 e x))}{a-b x^4}+\frac {16 a^2 (a f+b x (c+x (d+e x)))}{b \left (a-b x^4\right )^2}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a} \left (21 \sqrt {b} c-5 \sqrt {a} e\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{b^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (21 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {b} c+12 \sqrt {a} \sqrt [4]{b} d+5 a^{3/4} e\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [4]{a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x\right )}{b^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (21 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {b} c-12 \sqrt {a} \sqrt [4]{b} d+5 a^{3/4} e\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x\right )}{b^{3/4}}+\frac {12 \sqrt {a} d \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{\sqrt {b}}}{128 a^3} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.50 (sec) , antiderivative size = 120, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.64
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {-\frac {5 b e \,x^{7}}{32 a^{2}}-\frac {3 b d \,x^{6}}{16 a^{2}}-\frac {7 b c \,x^{5}}{32 a^{2}}+\frac {9 e \,x^{3}}{32 a}+\frac {5 d \,x^{2}}{16 a}+\frac {11 c x}{32 a}+\frac {f}{8 b}}{\left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{2}}-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4} b -a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (5 \textit {\_R}^{2} e +12 \textit {\_R} d +21 c \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}}{128 a^{2} b}\) | \(120\) |
default | \(c \left (\frac {x}{8 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{2}}+\frac {\frac {7 x}{32 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )}+\frac {21 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (\ln \left (\frac {x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x -\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )\right )}{128 a^{2}}}{a}\right )+d \left (\frac {x^{2}}{8 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{2}}+\frac {\frac {3 x^{2}}{16 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )}+\frac {3 \ln \left (\frac {a +x^{2} \sqrt {a b}}{a -x^{2} \sqrt {a b}}\right )}{32 a \sqrt {a b}}}{a}\right )+e \left (\frac {x^{3}}{8 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{2}}+\frac {\frac {5 x^{3}}{32 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )}-\frac {5 \left (2 \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )-\ln \left (\frac {x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x -\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )\right )}{128 a b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}}{a}\right )+f \left (\frac {x^{4}}{8 a \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{2}}+\frac {x^{4}}{8 a^{2} \left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )}\right )\) | \(312\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 6.66 (sec) , antiderivative size = 118761, normalized size of antiderivative = 631.71 \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 249, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.32 \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {5 \, b^{2} e x^{7} + 6 \, b^{2} d x^{6} + 7 \, b^{2} c x^{5} - 9 \, a b e x^{3} - 10 \, a b d x^{2} - 11 \, a b c x - 4 \, a^{2} f}{32 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{3} x^{8} - 2 \, a^{3} b^{2} x^{4} + a^{4} b\right )}} + \frac {\frac {12 \, d \log \left (\sqrt {b} x^{2} + \sqrt {a}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}} - \frac {12 \, d \log \left (\sqrt {b} x^{2} - \sqrt {a}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}} + \frac {2 \, {\left (21 \, \sqrt {b} c - 5 \, \sqrt {a} e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x}{\sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}} \sqrt {b}} - \frac {{\left (21 \, \sqrt {b} c + 5 \, \sqrt {a} e\right )} \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x - \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}{\sqrt {b} x + \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}} \sqrt {b}}}{128 \, a^{2}} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 352 vs. \(2 (148) = 296\).
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 352, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.87 \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (21 \, b^{2} c - 12 \, \sqrt {2} \left (-a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b d + 5 \, \sqrt {-a b} b e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{128 \, \left (-a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (21 \, b^{2} c + 12 \, \sqrt {2} \left (-a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b d - 5 \, \sqrt {-a b} b e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{128 \, \left (-a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (21 \, b^{2} c - 5 \, \sqrt {-a b} b e\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {-\frac {a}{b}}\right )}{256 \, \left (-a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (21 \, b^{2} c - 5 \, \sqrt {-a b} b e\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {-\frac {a}{b}}\right )}{256 \, \left (-a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2}} - \frac {5 \, b^{2} e x^{7} + 6 \, b^{2} d x^{6} + 7 \, b^{2} c x^{5} - 9 \, a b e x^{3} - 10 \, a b d x^{2} - 11 \, a b c x - 4 \, a^{2} f}{32 \, {\left (b x^{4} - a\right )}^{2} a^{2} b} \]
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Time = 9.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 832, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.43 \[ \int \frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\left (\sum _{k=1}^4\ln \left (-\frac {b\,\left (125\,a\,e^3+3024\,b\,c\,d^2-2205\,b\,c^2\,e+1728\,b\,d^3\,x+{\mathrm {root}\left (268435456\,a^{11}\,b^3\,z^4-6881280\,a^6\,b^2\,c\,e\,z^2-4718592\,a^6\,b^2\,d^2\,z^2+2709504\,a^3\,b^2\,c^2\,d\,z+153600\,a^4\,b\,d\,e^2\,z-60480\,a\,b\,c\,d^2\,e+22050\,a\,b\,c^2\,e^2+20736\,a\,b\,d^4-625\,a^2\,e^4-194481\,b^2\,c^4,z,k\right )}^2\,a^5\,b^2\,c\,344064+\mathrm {root}\left (268435456\,a^{11}\,b^3\,z^4-6881280\,a^6\,b^2\,c\,e\,z^2-4718592\,a^6\,b^2\,d^2\,z^2+2709504\,a^3\,b^2\,c^2\,d\,z+153600\,a^4\,b\,d\,e^2\,z-60480\,a\,b\,c\,d^2\,e+22050\,a\,b\,c^2\,e^2+20736\,a\,b\,d^4-625\,a^2\,e^4-194481\,b^2\,c^4,z,k\right )\,a^3\,b\,e^2\,x\,3200-2520\,b\,c\,d\,e\,x+\mathrm {root}\left (268435456\,a^{11}\,b^3\,z^4-6881280\,a^6\,b^2\,c\,e\,z^2-4718592\,a^6\,b^2\,d^2\,z^2+2709504\,a^3\,b^2\,c^2\,d\,z+153600\,a^4\,b\,d\,e^2\,z-60480\,a\,b\,c\,d^2\,e+22050\,a\,b\,c^2\,e^2+20736\,a\,b\,d^4-625\,a^2\,e^4-194481\,b^2\,c^4,z,k\right )\,a^2\,b^2\,c^2\,x\,56448-{\mathrm {root}\left (268435456\,a^{11}\,b^3\,z^4-6881280\,a^6\,b^2\,c\,e\,z^2-4718592\,a^6\,b^2\,d^2\,z^2+2709504\,a^3\,b^2\,c^2\,d\,z+153600\,a^4\,b\,d\,e^2\,z-60480\,a\,b\,c\,d^2\,e+22050\,a\,b\,c^2\,e^2+20736\,a\,b\,d^4-625\,a^2\,e^4-194481\,b^2\,c^4,z,k\right )}^2\,a^5\,b^2\,d\,x\,196608-\mathrm {root}\left (268435456\,a^{11}\,b^3\,z^4-6881280\,a^6\,b^2\,c\,e\,z^2-4718592\,a^6\,b^2\,d^2\,z^2+2709504\,a^3\,b^2\,c^2\,d\,z+153600\,a^4\,b\,d\,e^2\,z-60480\,a\,b\,c\,d^2\,e+22050\,a\,b\,c^2\,e^2+20736\,a\,b\,d^4-625\,a^2\,e^4-194481\,b^2\,c^4,z,k\right )\,a^3\,b\,d\,e\,15360\right )}{a^6\,32768}\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (268435456\,a^{11}\,b^3\,z^4-6881280\,a^6\,b^2\,c\,e\,z^2-4718592\,a^6\,b^2\,d^2\,z^2+2709504\,a^3\,b^2\,c^2\,d\,z+153600\,a^4\,b\,d\,e^2\,z-60480\,a\,b\,c\,d^2\,e+22050\,a\,b\,c^2\,e^2+20736\,a\,b\,d^4-625\,a^2\,e^4-194481\,b^2\,c^4,z,k\right )\right )+\frac {\frac {f}{8\,b}+\frac {5\,d\,x^2}{16\,a}+\frac {9\,e\,x^3}{32\,a}+\frac {11\,c\,x}{32\,a}-\frac {7\,b\,c\,x^5}{32\,a^2}-\frac {3\,b\,d\,x^6}{16\,a^2}-\frac {5\,b\,e\,x^7}{32\,a^2}}{a^2-2\,a\,b\,x^4+b^2\,x^8} \]
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